Learn Commodities Investing
Master the fundamentals of commodities investing — from futures mechanics and curve shapes to supercycle theory and portfolio construction.
Commodities 101
What are Commodities?
Hard assets vs soft assets. The difference between extractive and agricultural commodities.
Spot vs Futures Markets
How physical delivery contracts work and why futures prices can diverge from spot.
Commodity Exchanges
CME, LME, ICE, and the global infrastructure of commodity trading.
Futures & Derivatives
Futures Contracts Explained
Standardized agreements to buy or sell at a future date. Margin, leverage, and settlement.
Contango & Backwardation
When forward prices trade above or below spot. Implications for ETF investors and roll yield.
Options on Commodities
Hedging and speculative strategies using calls, puts, and spreads on commodity underlyings.
ETFs & Investment Vehicles
Physical vs Futures-Based ETFs
The tracking difference, roll costs, and tax implications of each structure.
Commodity ETNs & ETCs
Credit risk, tax treatment, and structural differences from ETFs.
Mining Equity ETFs
Why sometimes miners outperform the underlying metal — and sometimes they don't.
Macro & Cycles
Commodity Supercycles
The 30-year cycle theory and historical evidence from the last 150 years.
Inflation Hedging
Why commodities tend to outperform during inflationary regimes and how to measure hedge effectiveness.
Dollar Correlation
The inverse relationship between USD strength and commodity prices.
Key Terms
Backwardation
When futures prices are lower than the spot price, indicating tight supply or high immediate demand.
Contango
When futures prices are higher than the spot price, typically reflecting storage costs and financing.
Roll Yield
The gain or loss from rolling a futures contract forward as it approaches expiration.
Stock-to-Use Ratio
Ending inventories divided by total use. A key metric for agricultural commodity tightness.
Real Interest Rate
Nominal interest rate minus inflation. Negative real rates are historically bullish for gold.
Backwardation
When the futures price is below the expected spot price at delivery, often signaling supply shortages.
New to Commodities?
Start with our Commodities 101 module to understand the landscape before diving into cycle analysis and strategy frameworks.